Bernard Arnault And His Duality Pioneering Act Of Lvmh Essay

Bernard Arnault And His Duality Pioneering Act Of Lvmh - Essay Example Global firms have the whole world as its market field that they can offer a wide array of products and services - firms keep growing while others downsize or rightsize. One aspect of globalization is that firms can assign departmental functions, such as marketing, finance, operations, human resource management, and accounting to other firms – this is known as outsourcing. Global firms use many different structural forms in dealing with globalization. They can use the horizontal structure which is made easier with the availability of the internet and Information Technology. It is still possible with the old structure, i.e., the vertical structure where the top echelon of the organization can dictate or take hold of the reins of business even if they are in the other side of the world. Whether we see this as positive or negative, globalization has change the world in terms of commerce and trade and how we see the world in different perspectives.After the world economic downturn, some of Europe’s giant firms have continued to keep watch the playing arena of businesses in terms of acquisitions and mergers. They have turned their eyes on the emerging markets of China, India and other countries of Asia. This is because these emerging markets survived and made remarkable steps during the financial crisis. And this is one of the reasons why Bernard Arnault, who is believed to be Europe’s wealthiest man, has shifted business focus to Asia, particularly the emerging markets of China and India.... This is because these emerging markets survived and made remarkable steps during the financial crisis. And this is one of the reasons why Bernard Arnault, who is believed to be Europe’s wealthiest man, has shifted business focus to Asia, particularly the emerging markets of China and India. Combine these two countries in terms of population, you have approximately one third of the world’s peoples who have the urge and the motivation to buy consumer products. In China, particularly Shanghai, the motivation is on luxury products, which is why Bernard Arnault has his own ambassador there in the person of John Galliano. Arnault has made business trips using his private jet to wherever he wants to promote the latest of his treasured bags and perfumes. He has made instant visits to places as far as Morocco not only to promote but to measure how much profits the company has earned there. 2. Background of Bernard Arnault and LVMH Bernard Arnault is not only Europe’s weal thiest businessman with an estimated worth of $39 billion, he is a multi-talented and product-oriented artist. He has acquired brands from bags to perfume and has made corporate acquisitions one after another. He describes his quest for perfection as a ‘duality’ which should be reinforced immediately with â€Å"timelessness and utmost modernity†. His desire to acquire businesses is not only motivated by finances but by his dream to infuse art on commerce (or commerce on art). And he is doing this because he believes he is doing it for France and the people who patronize LVMH. His modernity and art includes a collection of modern and contemporary art which will soon be housed in a grand museum designed by Frank Gehry, which Arnault has

Case Management Essay Example for Free

Case Management Essay Workflow, Business Process Management and the management of Unstructured Documents Plethora of unstructured documents such as text documents, spreadsheets, images, XML components, videos, podcasts, email messages that exists around in a large enterprise and it represents the enterprise’s information assets. The problem is that in today’s competitive environment there is an ever increasing generation and use of unstructured electronic documents. It has become highly imperative that there has to be an enterprise wide lifecycle management of these documents which can enable the workers to access the documents in a relative business context. Many product companies and experts dealing in the area of content management and business process management have proposed that a semantic relation is to be derived between documents and business domain. Thus, the semantic network that eventually gets formed will result in efficient search and filtering of these unstructured documents. Types of data: Structured and unstructured data People use and create unstructured data on daily basis. Although they may not be aware, people create, store, retrieve unstructured data in the form of emails, word documents, excel spreadsheets and other forms. The unstructured content has no data type as such so it requires human intervention to tag the data with some relevant keywords and meta tags so that it can be read by machines and applications. Structured data is also being used by people and such data is easily managed by technology being allowed for querying and reporting as the data type is predetermined and relationships are explicit. There are two categories of unstructured data: 1) Bitmap Objects: Images, videos, audio and other non-language based files 2) Textual Objects: Word documents, Spreadsheets, Emails and other written or printed language documents Most of these object types can’t be tapped easily to extract relevant information by technology or methodology as technology today can only address textual objects. With the advent of technologies like Enterprise Content Management (ECM), it has become possible to address unstructured data. Data mining and other analysis tools exist to query and analyze structured data. However, the challenge remains in bringing both the worlds of structured and unstructured data together. Once when they are brought together is when the most value can be derived and gained but this is where the highest level of challenge exists. Few challenges are listed below: 1) Irrespective of having the data in a word document format it may not be consumable from a semantic level perspective 2) A compatible technology may not be able to give insight in to the context of the information unless it is read 3) The way we interpret is largely subjective Organizational Challenges Today the organizations are inherently complex in structure and the departments are loosely connected while they work in isolation. They only come together when there is a need which leads to an internally disconnected approach. These large organizations need to be responsive to the customer and market needs. In order to be responsive they need to be agile and flexible when it comes to leveraging their matrix management structure as a whole. This can pose some long term as well as short term challenges. The path to overcome these challenges is to have follow business process which entail the entire organizations. In most organizations, wherever the business processes exist they tend to be isolated to a specific department and are usually manual. This leads to manifestation of various management and operational challenges. Some of the consequences that come up due to these challenges are listed below: 1) Due to inaccurate and untimely information generated as a result of isolated units of an organization, it becomes difficult for management and employees to take correct decisions 2) As information may not be aligned to business context or a business process it may lead to inconsistent decisions 3) Broken or incomplete workflows lead to generation of inconsistent and poor information 4) IT systems may act as inhibitors even if they support business processes when they lack system integration that would hide a single view of the information 5) Strict business rules, policies and procedures can lead to delay in fetching important information Organization and business process alignment These hurdles and challenges which the organization faces are due to factors such as inflexible procedures, legacy infrastructure, orthodox management which include: 1) Manual approach even when business processes and frameworks exist 2) IT enablers found in departments and functional silos making information sharing and gathering labour intensive and tedious 3) IT and other infrastructure is maintained centrally which may not provide quick solutions and service to meet the requirement of internal users 4) As organization is dependent on vendors or contractors for maintenance, support and development of IT and other infrastructure it raises issues of managing changes by themselves. Organizations need to orient themselves around process rather than functionally. They have the necessary infrastructure and technology in place but the challenge is to align all of it together using business processes. Aligning the organization to business processes and automating the same will help in solving decision making bottlenecks and will integrate functions, departments, core systems to deliver measurable business value. As of now most of the organizations, have IT infrastructure which comprise of applications that address each department separately. These departments may have business processes that cater to the purpose of the department specific function but this may lead to creation of unstructured and structured data in isolation from other departments defeating the purpose of one goal of the organization. Due to lack of integration between department’s applications and business processes it leads to creation of islands of redundant information for each department. Knowing that there is duplicate information across various applications residing in various departments there will be multiple points of integration which makes it even more complicated. There is a requirement of point to point integration to resolve this. This increases business risk, delivery costs and it becomes even more important to retain existing talent who can handle the data and information well. IT challenge On drilling down, the problem of not being able to use unstructured data along with structured data semantically whilst the data is specific to each department’s function and not business process of the organization is a challenge for the IT support department of organizations. Integration of silo applications and automated business processes across departments with respect to the overall business context pose many intricacies which makes it is a very challenging and a costly exercise for the IT function. Few of the reasons are listed below: 1) Laborious task to integrate a variety of business processes and applications 2) Changes in particular to each function may become difficult to replicate across the organization each time 3) Data across functions can’t be normalized due to existence of data in multiple format 4) Data inconsistencies due to unavailability of an information master leads to dependency on data stored on spreadsheets These kind of challenges have typically no end so a comprehensive solution has to be worked out which is robust and serves the goal of the organization by delivering value flawlessly. Workflow Model, Business Process Management (BPM) and Enterprise Content Management (ECM) It is Workflow Automation and a Business Process Management System that will solve the business and technical problems that have been described in this paper so far. A workflow model is automation or a semi-automation of business processes. On the other hand Business Process Management is a method for managing the workflow model while continuously evaluating its performance and closing the feedback loop. Business processes form the nervous system of an organization or an enterprise. Business Process Management (BPM) is a discipline that empowers an organization to analyze, automate, re-design, streamline, monitor and improve business process while providing end to end visibility and control from technology to people. An organization has numerous business processes which take place every now and then. They may be simple or complex and may rely on unstructured data. For e. g. Banks have a business process to process the fresh loans application, local retailer has a business process to order new inventory and more. Business processes are the means which enable people, system and information to work simultaneously in order to meet organizations’ goals. However, it is not as easy as it sounds. Consider an example where in an insurance company the claim officials need digital photos to process a claim, customer representative need customer records and statements, accounts personnel need invoice approvals to disburse the required amount. To address such multi dimensional situation companies are resorting to capabilities of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) which is Business Process Management (BPM) to integrate, optimize, and automate processes and information. This solution enables organizations to make timely and accurate decisions. Together BPM and ECM businesses are able to deal with explosion of business related content which in turn helps them in becoming nimble and agile. Primarily, there are three changes that drive the need for businesses to become nimble and agile. They are: 1) Creation of islands of business relevant content internal and external to the organization 2) High maintenance cost of information created and stored by disparate sources 3) Incremental strain on IT to meet core business requirements while driving process innovation In response to these needs ECM and BPM enable organizations with the following: 1) Empower all employees to develop process centric solution 2) Quickly synchronize information from disparate internal as well external data sources 3) Couple processes and content to meet business requirements Businesses today need to use the content that is available across the business processes rather than letting it remain restricted under applications specific to a department or a function. Holistically, the content needs to be put to use for a greater benefit and a better ROI. Management of Unstructured Documents ECM has become one of the major software category post consolidation of various solutions like Document Management, Document Imaging, Web Content Management, Digital Asset Management while collaborating with BPM. It shouldn’t be treated as only a software category but can be primarily looked at as a strategy to manage all unstructured information – images, web content, media assets and records. Secondly, its job is to ensure that the content is put to use by the business users as per the business processes. The ECM solutions available today are built to support today’s dynamic requirements of the organization. They are scalable and high on performance when it comes to handling islands of new content and information with respect to complex business processes. Their design is such that they can integrate any kind of unstructured information with business processes and provide features such as process modelling, analytic capabilities, simulation and activity monitoring. They are also capable to handle process exceptions and can respond to demands for content from associates or customers. It is deduced that ECM as a technology and as a strategy enable information management professionals to manage the unstructured information in the organization to reduce risk, improve productivity in order to bring customer delight. Market Overview Organizations are increasingly adopting ECM to manage the increasing volume and growing diversity of unstructured content which now represents around 80% of the information residing in the enterprise. The opportunity identified is to devote similar rigor to unstructured data as being given to structured data. The market for ECM registered a double digit growth between the year 2004 to 2007 but it slowed down to single digit in 2008 primarily due to recessionary conditions. As per data gathered by Gartner, around $3. 3bn was collected as license and maintenance revenue for ECM. The ECM market has forecasted compounded annual growth rate of 9. 5% through till 2013. It is expected that the revenue generated from ECM markets worldwide would exceed $5. 1bn by 2013. The ECM market has seen major consolidation between the periods of 2003 to 2007. Large players such as IBM, Oracle, EMC have been acquiring companies to capitalize in this space. For example, EMC went on spree acquiring Legato, Document, Captiva and Document Sciences. Autonomy acquired Interwoven and Open Text purchased Vignette to become the largest independent vendors in this space competing directly with Microsoft’s Sharepoint. Market Drivers In spite of the recession which forced businesses to refrain from technology spending, the ECM market remained insulated from it for the following reasons: 1) Increase in volume and complexity of content is the reason for concern and investments in ECM henceforth 2) Pricing pressure from open-source vendors stimulating higher demand 3) It targets the overall ROI of the organization As there is a need to manage risks that come along with tonnes of paper and vast variety of digital content, a focus has been brought on governance and content rationalization. Vendors are addressing this by providing different stakeholders or customers with products that serve their purpose while keeping in mind the overall business processes of the organization. Recognizing this focus area many enterprises have become conscious about the lifecycle, access management, availability and cost of the content. There has been a slowdown in the ECM market due to the recessionary climate as it made the decision makers cautious about investments. In a research conducted by Gartner it was noticed that during this period companies have started looking for a thorough business case and ROI justifications for any kind of technology expenditure. However this could also turn out to be positive for the ECM market as these are the times when the organizations will realize the benefits of ECM solutions and frameworks. Conclusion Business Process Management and Workflow are not about moving documents across departments. It is about aligning businesses to their core processes and they provide the catalyst to exploit knowledge base to provide improved customer service. Thus, help in delivering measurable bottom line benefits in variety of business cases. List of References Toby Bell, Karen M. Shegda, Mark R. Gilbert, Kenneth Chin, Mick MacComascaigh. ( October, 2009), Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Content Management http://www. gartner. com/technology/media-products/reprints/microsoft/vol10/article3/article3.html, Gartner Hakan Akbas (August 2009), Consolidation in the Enterprise Content Management Industry Who Will Be Next Autonomy or Open Text? http://www. cmswire. com/cms/enterprise-cms/consolidation-in-the-enterprise-content-management-industry-who-will-be-next-autonomy-or-open-text-part-i-005174. php, Cmswire Icon Resources and technologies ( 2007), Document/Business Process Management http://www. iconresources. com/new/irt_bps. html Hinnerk Brugmann, ConSense: Management of unstructured Documents using semantic Meta-Information http://www.wi2. uni-erlangen. de/index. php? id=consense PNMSOFT, Sequence and Sharepoint, http://www. pnmsoft. com/sharepoint_workflow_integration. aspx PNMSOFT, SEQUENCE BPM workflow software platform, http://www. pnmsoft. com/sequence_bpm_workflow. aspx Rivet Logic Corporation (October 2008), Enterprise Content Management 2. 0: The Case for an Open Source Approach http://viewer. bitpipe. com/viewer/viewDocument. do? accessId=12186060, Bitpipe Research Kyle McNabb (March 2008), Enterprise Content Management http://www. forrester.com/rb/Research/topic_overview_enterprise_content_management/q/id/40327/t/2, Forrester Research Ann All (March 2010), Case Management Is Step Forward in BPM Evolution , http://www. itbusinessedge. com/cm/community/features/interviews/blog/case-management-is-step-forward-in-bpm-evolution/? cs=39882page=2 Strategy Partners (2003), Business Process Management and Workflow, http://www. aiim. org. uk/download_files/aiimuserguides/5_BPM_and_Workflow. pdf, AIIM International – ECM Association Barclay T. Blair (October 2004), An Enterprise Content Management Primer, The Information Management Journal

Ian Wilmut and Cloning :: Genetic Engineering Essays

Ian Wilmut and Cloning Before Dolly the cloned sheep made news headlines, the same researchers had only the year before raised seven other sheep from oocytes whose nuclei had been replaced with nuclei from either fetal or embryonic tissue.1 This created a minor stir as this is the "first report to [their] knowledge, of live mammalian offspring following nuclear transfer from an established cell line."1 The implications of this is that they have provided techniques to analyze and modify gene functions in sheep (By providing clones of the same sheep).1 The key to their success is the "serum starvation" that the donor cell undergoes, to force the donor cell into a 'quiescent' state, so that it is not replicating its DNA or dividing. This possibly makes the nucleus more susceptible to re-programming by the recipient egg cell. The researchers built on this knowledge, and carried out a nuclear transfer from cells from the mammary gland of a 6-year old ewe in the last trimester of pregnancy. (instead of fetal or embryonic stem cells). After 277 nuclear transfers, Dolly was born.2 Dolly shows morphological characteristics belonging to the breed (Finn Dorset)that donated the nucleus instead of the oocyte donor or the surrogate mother(Scottish Blackface). Thus erasing any possibility of the birth due to the mating of the surrogate mother with another sheep. In 1975 Gurdon, Laskey & Reeves showed that nuclei transfer from keratinised skin cells of adult frogs supported growth to the tadpole stage 3. Wilmut's experiment took one step further and managed for the organism(Dolly) to grow to adulthood, thereby confirming that adult cells do in fact contain workable versions of all the genes necessary to produce an entire organism. Previously there was widespread belief that cells from adult mammals cannot be persuaded to regenerate a whole organism. Now that Wilmut has proven once and for all that this is otherwise, many cloning experiments that were once fantasy could now be accomplished. For example, an organism of interest can be cloned from any living cells from it if it no longer can reproduce normally (perhaps due to defects in gametes formation) or if only cultured cells of the organism of interest remains (it has already died but complete cell death has not occurred). However, it will take some time before Wilmut's technique is used as an important aid in all manner of biological and biomedical investigations. As forementioned, having to do 277 nuclear transfer just to obtain one living sheep is impractical for most experiments.

Recording, Analysing and Using Human Resource Information Essay

This assignment is based around a retail organisation. This organisation is in the fashion sector, primarily selling ladies fashion (although it does have some lines for men and children). The organisation has 34 stores, primarily based in the Midlands and South of the UK. It tends to employ significant number of students during the holiday period (to help cover staff holidays) and it always employs a number of temporary workers in the busy weeks leading up to Christmas. Answer the following questions (total of 1000 words): 1. Why does this organisation need to keep employee records (identify at least two reasons?) Two reasons as to why the above mentioned organisation would need to keep employee records are as follows; 1) To satisfy legal requirements – There are numerous legal requirements regarding the recording of employee records. The key legal requirements that this or any organisation or Human Resources (HR) department would need to be aware of are; Storing records for the Inland Revenue, The Working Time Regulations 1998, The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 and the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR). This list is not exhaustive. [1]According to Martin et al ‘there is an extensive body of legislation that regulates and controls the management of personal data and information. HR records have to satisfy a number of legal principles’. 2) To provide information to support the organisation in its decision making – By keeping employee records the above mentioned organisation can support the organisation in its decision making in various ways. For example as this organisation tends to employ a significant number of students during the holiday period they would be able to look at records from previous years and perhaps re-employ students who had a good previous record in attendance and performance etc. On the other hand if they had an employee who caused them problems with areas such as attendance or performance they would know not to re-employ them. This could help to save time and resource when it comes to recruiting for the holiday period. 2. What data relating to employees might this organisation want to collect and how will this support HR or L&D practices? (Give 2 examples of types of data) Two examples of types of data the above organisation may want to collect to support with HR or L&D practices are as follows; 1) Primary employee records – These records include all employee personal information such as name, address, date of birth, start date of employment, bank details, National Insurance number, and tax information (P45 or P46). This information will support the HR department in a variety of different ways ranging from simple tasks such as producing letters to more complex tasks such as producing reports. The HR department may need to produce letters for employees relating to anything such as a change in working hours to information about a sickness absence. The employees contact information would be gathered from the primary employee records as mentioned above. The HR department may also need to produce reports; these reports may refer to the age of the workforce, or the length of service within the workforce. Again the HR department would look to these primary employee records to support. 2) Absence – It is vital for any organisation to record absence levels however, ultimately if the information gathered is not used then it is of no real benefit to the organisation. [2]According to Daniels ‘if absence data is going to be of any use it needs to be: †¢ Reported monthly †¢ Reported alongside data that shows at least the past 12 months †¢ Compared with the rate for the industry †¢ Broken down by group of employee (e.g. manual and non-manual) or by department.’ Recording absence levels will support the above mentioned organisation within the HR department in numerous ways. One example of this would be if there are any months where absence is particularly high then operationally the organisation may look at the possibility of needing temporary cover. The organisation may also look at yearly trends, therefore if they know that December for example is a month where absence levels are particularly high they can strategically plan and prepare temporary cover in advance. 3. What would you recommend as effective methods for this organisation to store the data, and why? (Give two different options) My recommendations as effective methods for this organisation to store the data relating to primary employee records and absence are as follows; 1) Primary employee records – As this organisation has a large number of employees spread across 34 different stores in different locations throughout the United Kingdom; my recommendation would be to use a Personnel Database. I believe this would be a key requirement in keeping the data stored efficiently. HR departments may need to access information from different Stores for reporting etc therefore I feel it would be necessary to have a master database for all employees. Common examples of types of data stored on a database would be name, address, start date, date of birth and salary etc. This information can then be used in a variety of different ways ranging from simple tasks such as producing letters to more complex tasks such as creating spreadsheets and reporting. [3]Martin et al cited that using databases for employee records ‘could be used in its raw, unprocessed form to send out a letter. In addition it could be processed to identify who is due to retire or to calculate salary costs for department.’ 2) Absence – My recommendation for this organisation to store their absence rates would be through Computerised Personnel Information Systems (CPIS). [4]According to Daniels, ‘as well as holding personnel records and data, there are a number of other functions that can be incorporated into CPIS. These may not always come with the standard package, but they might be bought as additional facilities’. Absence management being one of the functions Daniels refers to. One of benefits in using CPIS in relation to absence would be that all Stores would have access to absence information relating to every Store within the organisation. This would enable decision makers to efficiently and effectively analyse trends relating to all the Stores. [5]Martin et al refer to the fact that only actions taken by managers and supervisors can bring absence levels down however good records can help them to do this job. A CPIS will produce accurate data therefore making it easier for managers to monitor this. 4. Why is it important for the organisation to effectively input and retrieve information? Answer this with particular reference to payroll and personnel records. The importance of effectively inputting and retrieving information is key to the successful operation of the above organisation, or in fact any organisation. I will specifically concentrate on the areas of payroll and personnel. Firstly I will discuss the implications relating to payroll. Paying employees the correct amount of money at the correct time is essential to employee satisfaction, therefore within any business it is vital that all information needed for processing payroll has been input and retrieved accurately. As this organisation has 34 stores there will be a large number of employees, therefore there will be a large amount of information stored relating to pay. If information has been input or retrieved incorrectly this could result in incorrect payments to staff. For example if an employee left the business however someone forgot to input that they were a leaver, this could result in an incorrect payment, therefore losing the company money. On the other hand if an employee started the company however someone forgot to input the information this would mean that the new employee wasn’t paid as the information would not be in the system. This would instantly give the new employee a bad first impression of the organisation. Secondly I will discuss the implications relating to personnel records. It is vital that personnel information is input and retrieved effectively for numerous reasons. The first example would be in case of an emergency; when a new employee starts within the business they are always asked to submit a contact who is to be contacted in case of an emergency. Therefore it is very important that this information in input or retrieved in the correct manner. If the telephone number was input incorrectly and the employer came to use the number in the case of an emergency the employer would then not know who to contact especially within a large organisation as mentioned in the case study. If the information is retrieved incorrectly the employer may contact the incorrect person which may lead to unnecessary worry for someone was has been inserted as an emergency contact for another employee. Another example as to why personnel records need to be input and retrieved correctly would relate to medical information. When an employee is new to the business medical information will be gathered. For example if an employee suffers from a medical condition such as epilepsy and this has not been input into the system because of an error then staff may not understand or be aware if they had an epileptic fit. It could be the same with allergies to nuts etc. If staff are not aware they won’t be able to provide medical information to the ambulance when they arrive to support in cases like the above mentioned. Very often providing this information to the ambulance services can make the difference in life and death situations. 5. Identify three aspects of the storage of data that need to be addressed as a result of the Data Protection Act. [6]According to government legislation, The National Archives cited that The Data Protection Act is an ‘Act to make new provision for the regulation of the processing of information relating to individuals, including the obtaining, holding, use or disclosure of such information.’ Three aspects I have identified of the storage of data that need to be addressed as a result of the Data Protection Act are as follows; 1) Data that is processed must be done so fairly and lawfully. [7]The Information Commissioners Office (ICO) cites that ‘in practice, it means that you must: †¢ have legitimate grounds for collecting and using the personal data; †¢ not use the data in ways that have unjustified adverse effects on the individuals concerned; †¢ be transparent about how you intend to use the data, and give individuals appropriate privacy notices when collecting their personal data; †¢ handle people’s personal data only in ways they would reasonably expect; and †¢ make sure you do not do anything unlawful with the data. 2) Data stored must be adequate, relevant, and not excessive – This means that any information gathered must be relevant to the specific job of the employee. You must ensure that you do not hold more information than what is needed for a specific purpose. The organisation should identify the minimum amount of information that is required. 3) Data stored must be accurate and where necessary kept up to date. This principle places a responsibility to take steps to ensure accuracy of information processed and stored. When collecting the information reasonable steps must be taken to ensure the information is correct. [8]According to Martin et al ‘in employment one way to achieve this is to allow employees to check, and even update, their own records.’ Task 2 Input this data into an appropriate IT package (e.g. Excel) and then display the data in the most appropriate way. I have chosen to present my data in a line graph as I feel this is the most appropriate way to show the two variables (absence rate % in the last 12 months and staff turnover % in the last 12 months) in one graph. [pic] Now write a report (no more than 500 words) identifying what this data tells you, and suggesting how this might impact on the decision making in the organisation. Key findings within this data are as follows; †¢ Store D has the highest absence rate, that being 7.2% in the last 12 months †¢ Store C has the lowest absence rate, that being 1.8% in the last 12 months †¢ Store C has the highest staff turnover, that being 21% in the last 12 months †¢ Store F has the lowest staff turnover, that being 10% in the last 12 months As Store D’s absence rate is relatively high decision makers within the organisation and the Human Resource department (HR) should consider focusing on areas such as job motivation, employee engagement, working condition etc so as to try and improve overall absence % rate for the year. Decision makers should also ensure that the absence policy is being managed by line managers and that managers are correctly trained in following the policy. Another key area decision makers should focus on are key trends of absence types. For example sore throats and colds can be an indicator that the air conditioning is set to the wrong level. It is vital that decision makers understand why the absence rate is high so as they can take measures to improve it. Even though store C’s absence rate is the lowest at 1.8% they still have the highest staff turnover, that being 21%. A low absence rate can indicate that an employee is engaged and they want to be in the work place. One of the reasons for the highest staff turnover could be due to the significant number of students being employed in the holiday period and also the temporary workers in the busy weeks leading up to Christmas. These figures may lead the decision makers within the organisation to consider a different approach for staff cover over the holiday periods and Christmas if it is going to have a negative effect on the turnover % for that period of 12 months. An example of how they could improve this would be to offer overtime to existing employees rather than hiring temporary workers for the Christmas period. They could also have more part time employees throughout the year, for example they could employ students on a low number of hours throughout the year and then ramp up their hours at the busy periods such as Christmas. Store F has the lowest staff turnover that being 10%. This may be for numerous reasons such as location or employee engagement. Store F may not employ as many students for the Christmas or holiday period as it is in a smaller community where fewer students live. It may be that the people who are employed in the store are from a smaller community and they have worked here for years and there isn’t the need to ramp up over the Christmas period. Very often people who come from smaller communities tend to stay within the same place of work and don’t look to leave, therefore contributing to low staff turnover. Another factor could be that staff are engaged and motivated. The decision makers within the business should look to considering why Store F has the lowest staff turnover. They could look at how other Stores manage the Christmas and holiday period ramp up and also if they have any programmes with employee engagement. Then they could look to transferring skills and ideas from Store F to other stores with a high staff turnover. References †¢ Information Commissioner’s Office (2012) ‘Processing personal data fairly and lawfully (Principle 1)’ (online) (cited 6th August 2012). Available from: http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection/the_guide/principle_1.aspx †¢ The National Archives (2012) ‘Data Protection Act 1998’ (online) (cited 6th August 2012). Available from: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/29/introduction Bibliography †¢ Martin, M. Whiting, F. and Jackson, T. (2010) Human Resource Practice, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. †¢ Daniels, K. (2010), Recording, Analysing and Using Human Resource Information, ICS Limited, Glasgow. ———————– [1] M.Martin et al (2010) Human Resource Practice, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London, p. 278 [2] K. Daniels (2010), Recording, Analysing and Using Human Resource Information, ICS Limited, Glasgow, p.17 [3] Martin et al, Human Resource in Practice, pp. 284 [4] Daniels, Recording, Analysing and Using Human Resource Information, pp. 29 [5] Martin et al, Human Resource in Practice, pp. 284 [6] The National Archives (1998) [7] Information Commissioner’s Office (2012) [8] Martin et al, Human Resource Practice, pp.289

Online reservation and billing

1. Project RationaleComputer today is a vital tool for the management of information within the organization. Today, most of the hotels and resorts provide goods and services using computer system. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies become fully automated while others strive for the similar setting. Today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. Hotel Reservation System with Billing System and automated SMS is proposed to help the company to reduce some common problems that exist. This system will help the establishment as regards to their online reservation system. The main function of the proposed online reservation system is to help the company to promote, advertise and easy booking for the guest, will also make their operation efficient and effective.The proponents conduct a study towards the topic because we noticed some of the hotels and resorts are using online hote l reservation system while the Cliffside Resort is still using manual reservation. Therefore, the proponents aim to find out how to increase the number of customer using computerize online reservation and with billing system and automated SMS. The hotel reservation system will provide service to online customers, travel agents, and an administrator.Online customers and travel agents can make searches, reservations and cancel an existing reservation on the hotel reservation’s web site. It helps the customer to reserve rooms through the internet, see the available rooms; the rates of it and at the same time the system will automatically total the rate of the reserved room. Administrator can add/update the hotel and the room information approve/disapprove a new travel agent’s account application and generate a monthly occupancy rate report for the hotel. The online reservation system with billing system aims to simplify the manual reservation faster and accurate.The study aims to develop a computerized operation at Cliffside Resort to improve efficiency of its daily business transactions thus, enhancing the quality of service for its guests. This chapter will cover the background of the company and the problems that confront the company in relation to operations.2. Project Description2.1 Statement of the Problem2.1.1 General ProblemHotel customers choose important considerations in choosing a place to stay like location, price/value and service. These are very important because these are the primary basis of a customer to be attracted in that business. Since the researchers found out that manual procedure are still used in processing their billing and reservation transactions, it greatly affects their customer’s need.2.1.2 Specific Problem2.1.2.1 Difficulty in location of guest files: due to the large number of guests’ files, location of guest files during checking in, updating of daily expenditures, receipt generation and checking out is extremely difficult for the hotel employees.2.1.2.2 Large storage space: the physical files occupy too much space of about two rooms full of storage cabinets. This occupies the hotel’s space that could have otherwise been used for income generation by the hotel.2.1.2.3 Human and computational errors: many errors enabled by the present system, which is the manual system, due to tedious computations required during data processing cost the hotel management heavily.2.1.2.4 The hotel billing statement doesn’t provide specific or detailed information regarding on customer’s payment or charges.2.1.2.5 Complains from guests: due to poor management of documents encouraged by the manual system, several cases were reported where guests complained of overcharging, charging of services not used by the guests.2.1.2.6 Poor communication: due to poor communication between the departments, guests are often served with services they didn’t order.2.1.2.7 Difficulty in data analysis: The accountants usually found it difficult to analyze the guests’ data during generation of expenditure bills due to missing of some records.2.1.2.8 Inefficient monitoring of room’s availability.3. Proposed Project Research3.1.1 General ObjectivesOur goal is to provide software system that helps Cliffside Resort to increase revenue because it saves processing time and helps to provide better management for room reservation booking system. To create a Webpage Development Information System of the hotel; to provide a secured database storage for the hotel information; for fast and accurate processing in promoting Hotel Web Information Development System; and to provide a communication of the guest through Internet.3.1.2 Specific ObjectivesThe study aims to develop and improve the existing manual reservation system of Cliffside Resort. The study intends to carry out the following specific objectives:3.1.2.1 To enable online booking via the internet.3.1.2.2 To enable automated data entry methods.3.1.2.3 Ensure efficient and reliable communication within the hotel.3.1.2.4 To be able to add and update the admin users, rooms, and services that is only accessible by the administrator.3.1.2.5 To be able to display the entire guest in terms of information.3.1.2.6 To be able to provide an easiness of reservation for online and walk-in guests.3.1.2.7 To be able to impart accuracy in terms of allowing the system in terms of adding of guests, viewing of the available room and adding of bills.3.1.2.8 To be able to generate cash-in report by month that is only accessible by the administrator.3.1.2.9 Enforce security measures to avoid unauthorized access to guest records.3.1.2.10 Enable fast and easy retrieval of guest records and data for fast reference activities.

people with aids knowingly kil essays

people with aids knowingly kil essays I strongly believe that the Death Penalty is a form of punishment to be used when needed. This opens up the question, when should it be used? That may be the breaking point in a lot of arguments; deciding when to use the death penalty is a very touchy subject. I believe that only murderers deserve the death penalty, but I do not believe that all murderers should receive it as punishment. In cases where someone was killed in self-defense, the 'murderer' should not receive the death penalty. But when someone is killed in cold blood then there should be a consideration. Again, not all cold-blooded murderers should receive it. Premeditated and sometimes on the spot murders are also candidates, but that depends on how the victim was treated before the murder. Was he/she abused or tormented in a severe way? Or was the victim raped? I would also take into account, the number of people killed by the murderer. We all have loved ones in our lives, and if anything were ever to happen to any of them, fury would prevail over most of us. There are many stories I have read of malicious acts of crime, but two stories will always stick in the back of my mind. One story is about two girls in Texas who were walking home from a friends house; they were 14 s house and took a shortcut home. There was a group of five men initiating one of the gangs 14-year-old brother into the gang. After the fight they started drinking alcohol. The guys saw the two girls approaching and were planning to mess with them. The girls were reported missing the next day. After police received an anonymous call from someone who knew the suspects, they found out the girls were beaten and raped. There were always two men on the girls raping them anally, orally and vaginal for one whole hour. After each guy fulfilled his needs, they beat and strangled the girls, one with a belt, and the other with her sh...

Faneuil Hall essays

Faneuil Hall essays In the early eighteenth century Boston did not have a central area to participate in commerce and civic duty. Street vendors who roamed the city with their pushcarts sold food and other items. Boston was the center of trade at this point in time and the need for a central marketplace was profound. The city was growing at a rapid pace and was running out of land. Businessmen from the outskirts of Boston brought trash and dirt to the harbor. The men dumped the dirt off of the piers and eventually created piles large enough to cover with fill and build on. Many say that parts of Boston were stolen from the sea. The CAS building is a prime example of an area that was built on a dump. If Boston were to ever be hit with an earthquake many of its structures would fall into the Charles River or the harbor. In 1742, Faneuil hall was constructed on the soft sediment fill. Peter Faneuil, a wealthy Bostonian, donated the citys first market place. Faneuil hall is one of the most promi nent open spaces in Boston. The site is only open to pedestrians and is characterized by its unique cobblestone streets. There are three markets (North, South, Quincy) that define the barriers of the marketplace. The area is alive with the characteristics of both the old world and the new. The most remarkable and identifiable aspect of Faneuil hall in 1762 was its usage. Originally constructed in 1742 by Smibert, it burnt to the ground nineteen years later. In 1762 the hall was used as a meeting place for the men who organized the American Revolution. In 1805 Charles Bullfinch was chosen to renovate the hall so that it could better serve the expanding city. Faneuil hall was originally three-barrel tunnel rows wide and constructed of a brick. Bullfinch and his team expanded it to seven and incorporated the existing structure of the hall into the renovation. He also added a third floor, which was pr ...

What Redshift Reveals About an Object

What Redshift Reveals About an Object When stargazers look up at the night sky, they see light. Its an essential part of the universe that has traveled across great distances. That light, formally called electromagnetic radiation, contains a treasury of information about the object it came from, ranging from its temperature to its motions. Astronomers study light in a technique called spectroscopy. It allows them to dissect it down to its wavelengths to create whats called a spectrum. Among other things, they can tell if an object is moving away from us. They use a property called a redshift to describe the motion of an objects moving away from each other in space. Redshift occurs when an object emitting electromagnetic radiation recedes from an observer. The light detected appears redder than it should be because it is shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. Redshift is not something anyone can see. Its an effect that astronomers measure in light by studying its wavelengths.   How Redshift Works An object (usually called the source) emits or absorbs electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength or set of wavelengths. Most stars give off a wide range of light, from visible to infrared, ultraviolet, x-ray, and so on. As the source moves away from the observer, the wavelength appears to stretch out or increase. Each peak is emitted farther away from the previous peak as the object gets recedes. Similarly, while the wavelength increases (gets redder) the frequency, and therefore the energy, decreases. The faster the object recedes, the greater its redshift. This phenomenon is due to the doppler effect. People on Earth are familiar with Doppler shift in pretty practical ways. For example, some of the most common applications of the doppler effect (both redshift and blueshift) are police radar guns. They bounce signals off of a vehicle and the amount of redshift or blueshift tells an officer how fast its going. Doppler weather radar tells forecasters how fast a storm system is moving. The use of Doppler techniques in astronomy follows the same principles, but instead of ticketing galaxies, astronomers use it to learn about their motions.   The way astronomers determine redshift (and blueshift) is to use an instrument called a spectrograph (or spectrometer) to look at the light emitted by an object. Tiny differences in the spectral lines show a shift toward the red (for redshift) or the blue (for blueshift). If the differences show a redshift, it means the object is receding away. If theyre blue, then the object is approaching. The Expansion of the Universe In the early 1900s, astronomers thought that the entire universe was encased inside our own  galaxy, the Milky Way. However, measurements made of other galaxies, which were thought to be simply nebulae inside our own, showed they were really  outside of the Milky Way. This discovery was made by astronomer Edwin P. Hubble, based on measurements of variable stars by another astronomer named  Henrietta Leavitt.   Furthermore, redshifts (and in some cases blueshifts) were measured for these galaxies, as well as their distances. Hubble  made the startling discovery that the farther away a galaxy is, the greater its redshift appears to us. This correlation is now known as Hubbles Law. It helps astronomers define the expansion of the universe.   It also shows that the farther away objects are from us, the faster they are receding. (This is true in the broad sense, there are local galaxies, for instance, that are moving towards us due to the motion of our Local Group.)   For the most part, objects in the universe are receding away from each other and that motion can be measured by analyzing their redshifts. Other Uses of Redshift in Astronomy Astronomers can use redshift to determine the motion of the Milky Way. They do that by measuring the Doppler shift of objects in our galaxy. That information reveals how other stars and nebulae are moving in relation to Earth. They can also measure the motion of very distant galaxies - called high redshift galaxies.   This is a rapidly growing field of astronomy. It focuses not just on galaxies, but also on other other objects, such as the sources of  gamma-ray bursts. These objects have a very high redshift, which means they are moving away from us at tremendously high velocities. Astronomers assign the letter z to redshift. That explains why sometimes a story will come out that says a galaxy has a redshift of z1 or something like that. The earliest epochs of the universe lie at a z of about 100.   So, redshift also gives astronomers a way to understand how far away things are in addition to how fast they are moving.   The study of distant objects also gives astronomers a snapshot of the state of the universe some 13.7 billion years ago. Thats when cosmic history began with the Big Bang. The universe not only appears to be expanding since that time, but its expansion is also accelerating. The source of this effect is dark energy,  a not-well-understood part of the universe. Astronomers using redshift to measure cosmological (large) distances​ find that the acceleration has not always been the same throughout cosmic history. The reason for that change is still not known and this effect of dark energy remains an intriguing area of study in cosmology (the study of the origin and evolution of the universe.) Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

DISCRIMINATION AND AFFRMATIVE ACTION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DISCRIMINATION AND AFFRMATIVE ACTION - Coursework Example Therefore, it is only right that we find a proper and respectful way to pay them back for everything they have done for us. Those who come back disabled do not have very good prospects when its comes to getting retraining and accessing regular jobs. They will need every chance and every helping hand that they can get. That is why the existence of the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program is something that they truly need. Affirmative action. An act that ensures equal treatment for the women and minorities in our society. Now, it also means giving our disabled war veterans an equal opportunity to be able to work the same jobs that we all do. After all, being disabled does not necessarily mean that they are unable to complete any sort of work anymore. Rather, it makes them more admirable as they complete the work of able bodied people using only their skill and talents. We have to remember that not all employers will be willing or able to hire a disabled war veteran. Therefore, the existence of the law, and the fact that it gives them priority over the able bodied individuals, and the men and women who are covered by their own affirmative action laws, is something that allows the disabled soldiers to prove that they are still productive members of society. Keep in mind that affirmative action for women and minorities were set into place because they were being prevented from entering the workplace or being barred from working certain jobs due to the color of their skin or ethnicity. Without the affirmative action laws in place to force employers to hire an equal ratio of men and women employees in their workplaces, the battle of the sexes would still be raging. Affirmative action helped the African Americans find and take their rightful place within our American society. It allowed them to prove that they are Americans too, regardless of their skin color. In the case of the disabled soldiers, they have already proven their patriotism and willingness to pro tect our nation. They paid dearly for their loyalty to our country and their lives will never be the same again. Their physical shortcomings make employers unwilling to hire them because of their perceived inabilities. Nobody will be willing to hire them unless they are first compelled to by the law of the land. Should they take priority over the able bodies citizens of the land? I my opinion, the answer to that question would have to be no. Affirmative action only allows them to have an equal opportunity to apply for a job. If they prove that they are the best man for the job then they should definitely be hired. However, they should not be hired for a job they are not suited to simply because there is a law that compels them to do so. All affirmative action quests, from equality for women, minorities, and the disabled, have a very long way to go. These are not laws that are adopted overnight by the employers. It takes the changing of a mindset in order to ensure that equality in t he workplace truly exists. However, there are some affirmative action plans that should have priority over the others. Allow the disabled soldiers to prove that they are just as capable as the next able bodied person. Allow them to show their employers their potential as hard workers, maybe there is something that they can do that an able bodied person cannot. In such instances, they should be hired for the job. Otherwise, they should be allowed to at least compete for the job on an equal

The Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Essay

The Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development - Essay Example Economic theory provides a set of thoughts and methods for examining the distribution of limited resources. Unless entrepreneurship ultimately develops products from limited resources, it can be of minimum economic interest, even though it may possess greater social significance. The idea of selection and therefore decision making is essential to economic theory. Entrepreneurship acts as an individual quality which allows certain persons to make decisions with long run outcomes. When economic development is viewed from historical viewpoint, the role of an entrepreneur arrives into central focus. By acting in different ways, entrepreneurs can achieve success which causes other people to change their thoughts and therefore help to alter the historical economic progression. Entrepreneurial efforts are needed for developing an enhanced distribution of resources and transmitting their significant experience to other nations. If two nations differ in their talents of entrepreneurship, then there will be a propensity for developments to invent new things with the copious ability of entrepreneurs. If there is lack of native entrepreneurs in any nation, then foreign entrepreneurs from economically prosperous nations enter the backward country and develop new innovation through proper distribution of resources. At a macroeconomic level, an entrepreneur plays a vital role in the establishment of organizations. Economic theory suggests that there is close relation between personal qualities of entrepreneur and economic success of organization. One of the most exciting aspects of successful entrepreneurs is that they are often drawn from marginal groups in society which try to find alternative possibilities of social progression near them. Thus, it is evident that society and its traditions have a significant impact on the development of entrepreneurs (Casson, 2003). Schumpeter had defined the â€Å"entrepreneur as innovator† as one who drives economic development. A ccording to Peter F. Drucker, â€Å"Innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for a different business or a different service.† The innovative activity of entrepreneur nourishes the pioneering procedure of creative destruction by initiating continuous instabilities to the economic system and by generating prospects for economic growth. Schumpeter’s theory expects that an entrepreneur can contribute in economic development (Wong & Et. Al., 2005). He was of the view that an entrepreneur can innovate, motivated by competition to develop technology, business and organizational structure. He characterized innovation as an â€Å"industrial mutation† which continuously transforms the financial structure and destroys the existing ones. The procedure of creative destruction is a vital element of entrepreneurship (McCraw, n.d.). Creative destruction is made on dynamic, cautious and commercial efforts to modi fy market arrangements and can be favourable for further innovations and revenue opportunities. Schumpeter’s business cycle is viewed as the outcome of innovation which involves the development of new thoughts and its application in a new product, procedure or service. It can result in the dynamic development of a national economy,

Career Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Career Management - Essay Example The researcher of the current article will attempt to define what the term ‘career’ understands is; carry out research into career models and theories and critically analyse their relevance and currency. According to Stitt-Gohdes, career is defined as a certain course of action which a person chooses according to his skills and abilities for a long term purpose in order to earn his livelihood. In other words, it is also called as occupation which one intends to opt. Nowadays the major component of career has become education and qualification. They are now considered as the basis of any successful career. Due to the dynamics of economy, intense competition and globalization, now there has been a lot of focus on career planning and development. For past few years, career management and development strategies are selected by counsellors and experts. The impact of career development on young individuals is inestimable and long term. The reason is due to the career developme nt process, a person fashions his identity of work. In today’s environment, work makes an identity of a person just like a famous notion in American culture is; â€Å"we are what we do†. Some prominent theories and models supporting the idea of career development and management are: †¢ Super’s theory of Vocational Choice – 1954 †¢ Holland’s Theory †¢ Hackett’s Social Cognitive Career Theory – 1987 †¢ Axelrad, Ginsburg and Herma Theory – 1951 ... At the end, a detailed action plan is given through which an individual can set a desired course of action. 1. Define what you understand by the term ‘career’; carry out research into career models and theories and critically analyse their relevance and currency. Career According to Stitt-Gohdes, (1997), career is defined as a certain course of action which a person chooses according to his skills and abilities for a long term purpose in order to earn his livelihood. In other words, it is also called as occupation which one intends to opt. Nowadays the major component of career has become education and qualification. They are now considered as the basis of any successful career. Due to the dynamics of economy, intense competition and globalization, now there has been a lot of focus on career planning and development. Career Models and Theories For past few years, career management and development strategies are selected by counsellors and experts. The impact of career de velopment on young individuals is inestimable and long term. The reason is due to the career development process, a person fashions his identity of work. In today’s environment, work makes an identity of a person just like a famous notion in American culture is; â€Å"we are what we do†. Some prominent theories and models supporting the idea of career development and management are: Super’s theory of Vocational Choice – 1954 Holland’s Theory Hackett’s Social Cognitive Career Theory – 1987 Axelrad, Ginsburg and Herma Theory – 1951 â€Å"Super’s theory of Vocational Choice – 1954† This theory was formulated by Donald Super. This theory divides vocational choices of entire lifespan in six stages of career development. They are: 1.

Shakespear writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shakespear writing - Essay Example Some characters are showed in the process of transformation while their nature is changed due to some crucial events or trial. These characters are, for instance, Cordelia, who embodies good and Edmund, who symbolizes evil. King Lear's personality goes the whole way due to his folly and imprudence that lead him from denial to rage and to madness. It is customary to suppose that Shakespeare and the other writers of this period kept to the traditional conviction that human nature is interrelated with the environment, and all possible alterations break the order, which would influence both human nature and the surroundings. That is why in many Shakespeare's tragedies personal conflicts are accompanied with some natural disasters. King Lear is not an exception. Breaking one of the pattern parts leads to collapses in other essential parts. Behavior of Lear's daughters, violating all moral and natural laws, hurting their father, breaking gratitude and obedience, that are usually expressed by the children in relation to their parents, is intensified with the scene of a storm raging outdoors. This illustrates unnatural behavior of Lear's daughters and predicts his worsening condition in future. At the beginning of this tragedy King Lear is portrayed as conceited, proud and hot-tempered king. He cannot be regarded either as positive or negative character. But the subsequent events described in the play show us how his follies result in refuse from his only loving daughter. He also realizes that the other daughters who seemed to be devoted and loving before, turned out to be ungrateful and indifferent, their assurances of sincere love turned out to be just mere words. It is necessary to note that Lear realizes what will be the end of the process of changes that occur to his personality. He predicts his condition, crying: "O fool, I shall go mad!" (Act II, scene 4). In the events that are described in Act II the author uses not only cruelty of Lear's daughters, but also the symbolic elements to describe how Lear's conscience threshold is surpassed, how his personality is torn apart and how he is left to seek for his identity. This makes Lear begin his way of transformation, to his natural identity, while he gets rid of the deception and artifice, and imaginary significance of the power and throne, created by him for his own self-appraisal, he fully reconsiders his roles of father and king. Later he described in the scene representing the storm, while he tries to resist the forces of nature, and this is the scene, reflecting the idea of a human weakness. Lear seems to be a honorable man, and we know he was, and he hangs up on the feeling on love as the subject that can be measured. He thinks that the daughter he would love the most and desire to live with will be the one that will give the answer that he wishes to hear, asking the question about the number of knights they let him to keep. He states, I'll go with thee. Thy fifty yet doth double five-and-twenty, And thou are twice her love" (Act II, scene 4). By this scene and these words the author clearly makes us understand that his hero is wrong, and he will soon assure that this is not true. This is the stage of denial, while the character mistakenly compares feelings and material objects, judging the devotion and love by the empty words that mean

The Former Soviet Satellite of Ukraine Research Paper

The Former Soviet Satellite of Ukraine - Research Paper Example Within such a construct of analysis, this paper will seek to identify key issues as well as provide a rational response to the ways in which these can work to be ameliorated. With regards to the geography of Ukraine, it occupies a territory larger than any other European nation asides from the Russian Federation. As such, due to the fact that the Russian Federation is divided between Europe and Asia, Ukraine can definitively be said to be the largest wholly European country. As with a large part of Eastern Europe, the landscape of Ukraine is mostly flat with fertile steppes stretching out over nearly 80% of nation. One of the defining aspects of the nation’s geography is that of the Danube and the Dnieper. The Danube accounts for the nation’s southwestern border whereas the Dnieper runs laterally bisecting the nation and flowing through a majority of the major cities and industrial centers of the nation. Geo-politically speaking, the nation is bordered by Russia and Belarus to the north, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea in the South. Of course it is difficult ot discuss the geography of the nation without discussing the way in which several failed Soviet experiments have inalterably changed the landscape and geography. Although there are a number of factors that contribute to this, a lion’s share of the death rate is directly linked to heavy smoking and alcoholism; both issues that continue to plague the nation.   Though it may seem to the reader than an extensive understanding of the demographic situation is not required before delving into the way in which the nation seeks to house and provide for its people, the fact of the matter is that such an issue has a direct correlation to the need, demand, and production of housing within the system (Tsenkova & Turner, 2004).

C. G. Jung about Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

C. G. Jung about Dreams - Essay Example Jung was Freud’s main collaborator and most probable successor as leader of the psychoanalytic movement, but his own researches led him away from Freud’s emphasis on the psychosexual origins of neurosis, founding his own analytic psychology in response to Freud’s psychoanalysis. This differed from the Freudian model in downgrading the importance of sexuality a childhood conflicts in the treatment of neuroses, and concentrating more on a patient’s current conflicts. Jung’s doctoral dissertation was entitled â€Å"On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called occult Phenomena† and was presented at Basel University in 1902. This stuffy sowed the seeds of ideas that became pivotal in the practice of Jung’s system of analytical psychology, namely that the unconscious contains â€Å"complexes† or part-personalities that can manifest in dreams and visions, and that personality development and integration (individuation) occurs at the un conscious level. A †complex† is a pattern of suppressed thoughts and feelings that cluster-constellate-around a theme provided by some archetype (archetype will be explained further on). Jung describes a â€Å"complex† as a â€Å"node† in the unconscious; it may be imagined as a knot of unconscious feelings and beliefs, detectable indirectly, through behavior that is puzzling or hard to account for. Jung found evidence for complexes in the â€Å"word association test†; here a researcher read a list of words to each subject, who was asked to say, a quickly as possible, the first thing that came to mind in response to each word. Researches timed subject’s responses and noted any unusual reactions- hesitations, slips of the tongue, and signs of emotion. In Jung’s theory, complexes may be related to traumatic experiences or not. There are many kinds of complex, but at the core of any

The Former Soviet Satellite of Ukraine Research Paper

The Former Soviet Satellite of Ukraine - Research Paper Example Within such a construct of analysis, this paper will seek to identify key issues as well as provide a rational response to the ways in which these can work to be ameliorated. With regards to the geography of Ukraine, it occupies a territory larger than any other European nation asides from the Russian Federation. As such, due to the fact that the Russian Federation is divided between Europe and Asia, Ukraine can definitively be said to be the largest wholly European country. As with a large part of Eastern Europe, the landscape of Ukraine is mostly flat with fertile steppes stretching out over nearly 80% of nation. One of the defining aspects of the nation’s geography is that of the Danube and the Dnieper. The Danube accounts for the nation’s southwestern border whereas the Dnieper runs laterally bisecting the nation and flowing through a majority of the major cities and industrial centers of the nation. Geo-politically speaking, the nation is bordered by Russia and Belarus to the north, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea in the South. Of course it is difficult ot discuss the geography of the nation without discussing the way in which several failed Soviet experiments have inalterably changed the landscape and geography. Although there are a number of factors that contribute to this, a lion’s share of the death rate is directly linked to heavy smoking and alcoholism; both issues that continue to plague the nation.   Though it may seem to the reader than an extensive understanding of the demographic situation is not required before delving into the way in which the nation seeks to house and provide for its people, the fact of the matter is that such an issue has a direct correlation to the need, demand, and production of housing within the system (Tsenkova & Turner, 2004).

Components of a Healing Hospital and Relationship to Spirituality Essay

Components of a Healing Hospital and Relationship to Spirituality - Essay Example This notion of healing in hospitals was started by Florence Nightingale, whereby she focused on health of her patients both physically and spirituality. In addition, healing hospitals are designed to focus mainly on recovery and return to health well being; physically, emotionally and spiritually and not just curing an ailment for a patient (Young & Koopsen, 2006). Healing hospitals revolution and work are based on three main components as asserted by Eberst (2006). First is the focus on culture and radical care given to patients which is to aid in the recovery process. Moreover, healing hospitals are built and based on a compassion culture from health care providers. The treatment process in these hospitals involves doctors, relatives and well-wishers who are involved in making patients feel better and relax, hence accelerate the healing process. The notion here is that if the patient feels comfortable with his/her care giver, then they shall heal faster (McCormick, 2010). The secon d component is that of a relaxed and patient friendly physical environment, which will aid in making patients relax and heal faster (Eberst, 2006). In addition, the physical environment of the healing hospitals must be cool, quiet and relaxed with cool coloring and fresh air circulating. This is meant to aid patients to relax and sleep comfortably which, in return, accelerates the healing process.... These hospitals also use technology in the treatment procedures to provide effective care and best possible treatment to patients under their care (Eberst, 2006). The concept of spirituality, which is a belief system focuses on intangible elements that impart meaning to life of people, has continued to arise in healing hospitals. Generally, healing hospitals are involved in providing a healing environment to their patients. Spirituality also varies among different patients as it cuts across different cultures and ages. Therefore, patients in hospitals are normally disturbed spiritually with pertaining issues in their health such as infirmity, suffering, loneliness and boredom, despair on not healing and the possibility of facing death (Young & Koopsen, 2006). Healing hospitals components are used to aid in raising spirits of patients and hasten healing. The culture and physical environment of these hospitals provide patients with spiritual healing environments in which patients feel calm and relaxed promoting their health and well-being. Caregivers counsel patients and give them hope and a reason to live and have a purpose in life (McCormick, 2010). Challenges of Creating a Healing Environment in Light of the Barriers and Complexities of the Hospital Environment As Chapman (2003) states in chapter 3 of the book â€Å"Radical Loving Care: Building a Healing Hospital in America†, healing hospitals are faced with some of these challenges. The first challenge is technology application and use of drugs, as he states technology advances dehumanize healing aspects of the healing profession. In addition, he claims that dependence on drugs in healing has reduced the

The Mother Essay Example for Free

The Mother Essay â€Å"The Mother: Remember the children you got that you did not get† Gwendolyn Brooks’ poem â€Å"The Mother† is ambiguous and totally unexpected. The narrator starts by speaking about abortion in a very accusatory tone. In the first part of the poem the narrator uses second person language and accuses mothers of getting abortions and talks about how all the mothers will be missing out on seeing their children grow. She is talking to readers about abortions in general. She talks to mothers and patronizes them, â€Å"Abortions will never let you forget. You remember the children you got that you did not get.† (1-2), she starts the poem with a paradox. The narrator sounds like an antiabortion and will speak for having a child; but as the poem came to an ending it seemed like she is trying to justify her own actions. As the poem goes on the speaker suddenly changes her language and starts to talk about herself in a first person language. She explains how she cannot forget how many children she has killed. From the second part of the poem she starts to talk about her children, which meant that she had not one but multiple abortions and now is haunted by it. She starts to talk about her pain and loss about not having a child, â€Å"I have heard in the voices of the wind the voices of my dim killed children. I have contracted. I have eased. My dim dears at the breasts they could never suck. I have said, Sweets, if I sinned, if I seized your luck† (11-15). In these lines the speaker starts to blame herself; and then the tone becomes angry and helpless, â€Å"If I stole your births and your names, Your straight baby tears and your games, Your stilted or lovely loves, your tumults, your marriages, aches, and your deaths† (17-20). In these last few lines she again is listing out the things she will miss about her children and reminds the readers that she is full aware of the things and is regretful, but she still does the abortion. Along with the title of the poem there is another irony here, she says she stole their deaths by not letting them grow, she is saying she did not naturally let them die and had killed them herself before they were born. Our class had an intense conversation about the lines â€Å"If I poisoned the beginnings of your breaths, Believe that even in my deliberateness I was not deliberate .† (21-22), someone had suggested about how there is another paradox here. The tone has once again changed and she again tries to justify herself and her actions. She tries to explain that even though she had gone through with the procedure and succeeded in getting the abortion, it was not what she had  intended. Later on the narrator starts to sound very hypocritical, â€Å"Though why should I whine, Whines that the crime was other than mine? Since anyhow you are dead.† (23-25). Here the speaker is stressing over her own words, one moment her tone is sad and regretful and the next she is saying that there is no point as the child is already dead. The mother started the poem by accusing others of getting rid of their unborn, then she directly starts to talk to her dead children and now she is reasoning with herself about getting an abortion. She talks about a crime but does not call herself a criminal; somehow she tried to sound like the victim. She questioned if it was another’s fault. She tries hard not to take the blame on herself; in that particular line she is possibly implying that there may have been another person in th e scene that had made her do this, but none were mentioned, which indicates she is just looking for a way to share the blame with someone else, so that shame is not heavy on her. Once the mother’s intensions were established the tension between the mother and her unborn children and abortion was pretty luminous. She claims to have multiple abortions and explains her grief about giving up her children, yet she never apologized. She cannot get over the ghosts of all the children and is haunted by what could have happened, yet she is not apologetic, she never once mentioned that maybe she should have changed her mind and kept one child. Before she ends the poem she says, â€Å"Is faulty: oh, what shall I say, how is the truth to be said? You were born, you had body, you died. It is just that you never giggled or planned or cried.† (29-31). In those lines she tries to speak the truth and tries to accept that each child had a body and lived but it died. She even says it is faulty, but still does not blame herself for the abortions. She ends the poem by saying, â€Å"Believe me, I loved you all. Believe me, I knew you, though faintly, and I loved, I loved you All.† (32-34). It seems as though she tries to sound like a loving mother and tries to tell her unborn children that she loved them and vaguely knew them. Works Cited Brooks, Gwendolyn. The Mother. Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.

Novel Clockwise Task Migration in Many-Core Chip

Novel Clockwise Task Migration in Many-Core Chip A Novel Clockwise Task Migration in Many-Core Chip Multiprocessors   Abstract-The industry trend for Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) moves from multi-core to many-core to obtain higher computing performance, flexibility, and scalability systems. Moreover, the transistors size is constantly shrinking, and more and more transistors are integrated in a single chip that allows to design more powerful and complicated systems. However, obtaining higher computing performance needs to increase the consuming of power consumption which results in increasing the on-chip hotspots and the overall chip temperature. The peak temperature causes performance degradation, reducing reliability, decreasing the chip life spam, and eventually, damaging the system. Therefore, Runtime Thermal Management (RTM) for CMPs has become crucial to minimize temperature without any performance degradation. In this paper, a new clockwise task migration technique is proposed on many-core CMPs. The proposed technique migrates the heavy loaded tasks which are placed in a central cores away from the central cores to the surrounding cores. The proposed technique performs a clockwise task migrations to distribute the variations hotspots that are placed in the central core of the chip. Moreover, the proposed migration algorithm gathers cores temperature by using performance-counters and proposed equations which shows efficient results instead of using thermal sensors. Simulation results indicate up to 15% reduction in the maximum temperature value of the whole many-core CMPs. The efficiency of the proposed technique is shown by temperature values of many-core CMPs that are below the maximum temperature limit. Keywords- chip multiprocessors; many-core; task migration; performance counter; runtime thermal management. The chip multiprocessors (CMPs) is continued to increase the number of transistors to face the increased demand of the maintaining reliability and high computing performance. In the same time, transistors size are constantly shrinking, and more and more transistors are integrated in a single chip that allows to design more powerful and complicated CMPs architectures [1]. These advantages lead to increase cores number on the CMPs, therefore CMPs are shifting from multicore to many-core era where tens or hundreds of cores are integrated on a single chip connected via network-on-chip (NoC) [4-5]. In fact, many-core CMPs provide higher computing performance because of executing heavy loaded tasks which consume more power consumption. However, heavy loaded tasks lead to increase the overall chip temperature and on-chip hotspots. Hotspots are the main driving obstacle for wide adoption of many core CMPs architectures which lead to performance degradation, reduced reliability, increased coo ling costs, shorter chip life span, and eventually the system frailer. Therefore, to achieve better computing performance with higher scalability and maintaining reliability, efficient Runtime Thermal Management (RTM) techniques become very imperative [3],[6-8]. In fact, RTM not only aims to balance and distribute the temperature of the chip but also enables many-core CMPs to operate at a favorable performance while working below a temperature threshold [1-2]. Therefore, in order to maintain efficient performance on the many core CMPs, authors propose a clockwise task migration technique that is served as an alternative to control the many core CMPs cores temperature. The proposed migration technique migrates the heavy loaded tasks which are placed in the central cores away from the central part to the surrounding part on the core layer. In other word, the proposed method performs the clockwise task migrations to distribute the variations hotspots that are placed in the central cores of the chip. The proposed method aims to maximize the throughput on many core CMPs while satisfying the peak temperature constraint [5-6],[9]. With the development of many-core CMPs, using high overhead expensive thermal sensors to measure cores temperature becomes not effective nor improper to encounter thermal challenges [3],[12]. Therefore, in this work, a new technique have been provided to measure cores temperature instead of using thermal sensors. The proposed migration algorithm obtains the core temperature by using performance-counters which are placed in each core. In this context, cores with high temperature are distributed on the chip without any performance degradation [1-3],[11-13]. In this paper, they are some contributions are achieved as following: It develops a novel runtime task migration technique in many-core systems to balance hotspots. Instead of using high overheads expensive sensors to majeure cores temperature, the proposed task migration technique is using performance-counters. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cantly outperform the conventional approach. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. First of all in Section II, a summary of related works is given. The proposed technique is introduced in Section III. In Section IV, experimental evaluation is presented. Finally, the conclusion is given in Section V. While the industry trends of CMPs is to increase transistors numbers redundant exponentially as Ohms low, its help to achieve more powerful and better computing performance by executing heavy loaded tasks [1-3]. However, heavy loaded tasks lead to increase on-chip thermal hotspots and the overall CMPs peak temperature. Thus, in case of having hundreds of processors are integrated on a single chip as many-core CMPs, off-line methods are not efficient. Therefore, RTM becomes crucial to balance on-chip thermal hot-spots and the overall CMPs peak temperature [1-3],[8-10]. To this end, many theoretical works have been carried out to dissipation and elimination thermal hot-spots by different techniques. For instance, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique in [7] aims to control the temperature by dynamically adjusting the processor speed based on the workload. However, DVFS techniques dynamically adjusting the processor speed based on the workload which sacrià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ce the performance to cool down the chip temperature. Another technique called task migration technique which aims to manage the on-chip temperature by balancing the tasks loads among CMPs tiles without slowing down the processing. In [1-3],[8],[10-11] the proposed algorithms in some cases is unable to find a proper destination core due to the thermal constraints, therefore, authors have used DVFS which had proved to be inefficient as far as performance is concerned. In [2], authors had implemented many thermal-aware algorithms to migrate tasks between processor cores to reduce thermal variation in 3D architecture with stacked DRAM memory. However, the authors are used some techniques that proceed static task migration which in some cases can migrate a task from cold core to a hotspot core. Also, the authors proposed another techniques which are providing high overheads expensive thermal sensors to detect the on-chip hotspot. Moreover, in [2-3], authors proposed other techniques which always assigns the new job to the coolest core for balancing the thermal hotspots across the chip, however it increases hotspots in the system rapidly. Therefore, in case of having hundreds of processors are integrated on a single chip as many-core CMPs, off-line methods are not efficient to distribute and balance the thermal hotspots. In this work, a novel runtime task migration technique is proposed which offers an effective solution to face thermal challenges in many-core CMPs. Furthermore, instead of using high overhead expensive sensors to measure cores temperature, the proposed migration technique is using performance-counters to measure many-core CMPs tiles temperature. Fig. 1: Many-core CMPs with 64 cores and the TCU connection with a tile on many core CMPs. Fig. 2: A tile components in 64 cores many-core CMPs. Nowadays, the CMPs industry trend moves from multi-core to many-core architectures to achieve better computing performance, and more maintaining reliability. Therefore, many-core CMPs architectures provide heavy loaded tasks to allow the system operating at high computing performance. However, heavy tasks lead to increase peak temperature of chip and on-chip hotspots. Thus, RTM is crucial to achieve balanced systems temperature threshold with efficient task execution performance. As shown in Figure 1, a many-core CMPs with 64 tiles is presented. Each tile includes a core, a private L1 cache bank, and a shared cache L2 bank as shown in Figure 2. The proposed technique in this work aims to balance thermal distribution to combat thermal issues and temperature related reliability. The proposed technique provides task migration between cores while it is done at runtime and repeated periodically at a predefined time interval. Each time interval in this work is 100ms. Each core considers instruction per cycle (IPC) for calculating power consumption at the end of each interval. IPC is a critical factor in power consumption calculation. It is notable that, cores with higher power consumption lead to execute tasks with higher performance which create higher temperature in compared with the cores with lower power consumption [8]. The power consumption for each core is calculated based on Equation 1. Where P is the core power consumption, IPC is the instruction per cycle which is the core activity, f is the core frequency, CL is the average capacitance, and VDD is supply voltage. Since the frequency of each core in the many-core CMPs is constant and the DVFS technique is expensive and inappropriate because of performance degradation, dynamically change in the frequency of each core is not assumed in the system. As can be seen in Equation 1, the IPC has a key role for calculating and predicting the power consumption of each core in system. For calculating IPC, performance counters are used which are very applicable in the modern processors. Each core has a performance counter for IPC counting. At the end of each time interval, IPC is achieved by the performance counter for each core and then power consumption is calculated based on Equation 1. According to the calculated power consumption, a look up table in the Thermal Control Unit (TCU) will be filled. An example of look up tabl e is illustrated in Figure 3. In the target many core system, the TCU is assumed to be placed near to all of the cores as shown in Figure 1. Based on the filled table in the TCU, we divide the many core floor plan into two parts, the central part with one region, and the surrounding part with four regions as shown in Figure 4. Based on the thermal distribution of central part and surrounding part, we try to balance the temperature in the system. As before mentioned, the look up table is illustrated in Figure 3, based on each core activity, hot and cold cores are determined based on the related thresholds shown in Figure 5 ,where th1=5, th2=10, th3=15, and th4=20. Fig. 3: A sample of a look up table in the PCU used at the end of each time interval. Fig. 4: The central part and the surrounding part of 64 tile of many core CMPs. Based on the plan of hot and cold cores, the proposed technique sorts the cores both in the central part and surrounding part from the hottest to coldest cores. Then the proposed technique exchanges the hottest core in the central part with the coldest core in the surrounding part. Based on this trend, the heavy load tasks are migrated to the edges of the chip and light load tasks are migrated to the central part. It is notable that the edges of the chip is a better choice for placement of the hot cores in compared with the central part because neighbor cores have a big effect on each temperature. Since the number of cores in the surrounding part is three times of the central part, the hot cores in the central part have more options for migration with a cold core. At the end of each time interval, each core sends IPC information (cores activity) which calculated based on performance counter to the TCU. Then, the TCU based on cores activities from the look up table calculates two sets of activities which are in central part and surrounding part. Therefore, the TCU sorts the activities related to central part and surrounding part from the hottest to the coldest cores, separately. In this part, as shown in Figure 1, TCU exchanges the hottest core in the central part with the coldest core in surrounding part region by region as will be explained in the next subsection. It is notable that the TCU can migrate the hot cores in the central part with the cold cores in the surrounding part in the clockwise manner. Fig.5: The used thresholds for determining the ranges of temperature of the cores. Fig. 6: The proposed clockwise task migration algorithm. A. Clockwise Migration Algorithm For avoiding the gathering of all of the hot cores in a one region of surrounding part instead of divide it the whole surrounding part regions, a novel clockwise algorithm is proposed. This clockwise migration algorithm divides the surrounding part into four regions as shown in Figure 4. After sorting the cores from high temperature to low temperature both in of central part and surrounding part by the TCU, the proposed clockwise algorithm exchanges the hottest core in the central part with a coldest core in the surrounding part region one. After that, the proposed clockwise algorithm exchanges the hottest core in the central part with a coldest core in the surrounding part region two etc. The system repeats this procedure periodically at the end of each time interval to migrate the hot cores in the central part with the cold cores on four regions in surrounding part. The summary of Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the proposed clockwise task migration technique is shown in Figures 6. As shows in Figure 1, a 64 tiles many-core CMPs architecture with multithreaded workloads is used to proceed the proposed clockwise task migration technique. a) Platform Setup In order to validate the efficiency the many-core CMPs architecture in this paper, authors use the traffic traces extracted from GEM5 [15] full-system simulator to setup the basic system platform. The area of cores and cache banks are estimated by CACTI [21] and McPAT [20]. We use multithread applications from PARSEC benchmarks [14] in our experimental evaluation. The detailed system configuration are given in Table 1. For this benchmarks, one billion instructions are executed for the simlarge input set starting from the Region of Interest (ROI). HotSpot [17] version 5.0 is employed as a grid-based thermal modeling tool for chip temperature estimation. For experimental evaluation, maximum temperature limit and dark silicon peak power budget, Tmax and Pbudget is assumed to be 80à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and 100 W, respectively. Table 1. Specification of the target CMP architecture. Component Description Number of Cores 64, 8-8 mesh Core Configuration Alpha21164, 3GHz, 65nm Private Cache per each Core SRAM, 4 way, 32 line, size 32KB per core On-chip Memory Baseline: Static random mapping Proposed: Proposed migration technique b) Experimental Results In this sub-section, we evaluate a many core CMPs in two different cases. First, the many core CMPs without any migration policy (Baseline), and the many core CMPs with the proposed clockwise migration policy (Proposed). Figure 7 shows the results of normalized throughput for PARSEC and SPEC workloads, where throughput is the number of executed instructions per second (IPS). As shown in Figure 7, the Proposed architecture yields on average 31% throughput improvement compared with the Baseline. Moreover, Figure 8 illustrates the results of normalized energy consumption for PARSEC and SPEC workloads. As shown in Figure 8, the Proposed architecture yields on average 69% energy consumption improvement compared with the Baseline. In addition, Figure 9 (a) and (b) show the results of temperature distribution for canneal from PARSEC workloads for Baseline and Proposed architecture, respectively. Also, as shown in figure 9 (a), after applying the proposed clockwise task migration technique (Proposed), it ensures that all cores on the many core CMPs are below the maximum temperature of 80 . While the Baseline spends up to 19% of time above the maximum temperature which presences hotspots   as shown in figure 9 (b). In other words, by applying the proposed clockwise task migration technique on the proposed many core CMPs architecture, it distributes the temperature and without appearance of hotspots. Fig.7. Comparison results of IPC. Fig.8. Comparison results of energy consumption. The many-core CMPs provide higher system performance, more flexibility and scalability. Since these advantages require increased power consumption in the system, peak temperature issues become disquieting. Thus, Runtime Thermal Management (RTM) of many-core CMPs becomes crucial in minimizing thermal hotspots without any performance degradation. In this paper, the proposed clockwise task migration technique migrates the heavy loaded task from central cores part to the surrounding cores part. Thy system gathers cores temperature by using performance-counters that are placed in each core instead of use thermal sensors. Since cores with higher power consumption lead to execute higher tasks performance, therefore creates higher temperature. Experimental results of the 64 tiles many-core CMPs have shown signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant improvement of the average for normalized IPC throughput and energy consumption. While the many-core CMPs architecture yields on average 31% throughput improvement com pared without preceding the using technique. Moreover, the Proposed architecture yields on average 69% energy consumption improvement compared without using the proposed technique. Furthermore, results also have clarified that up to 15% signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant reduction of temperature threshold, and all tiles are below the maximum temperature limit which is 80 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ on the 64 tiles many-core CMPs (a) (b) Fig.9. Comparison results of temperature.